1. What is the Stress-Strain Relationship?

The stress-strain relationship describes how steel deforms under applied forces. In the elastic region, strain is directly proportional to stress according to Hooke's Law.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the fundamental equation:

Where:

• \( \text{Stress} \) — Applied force per unit area (Pascals)
• \( E_{\text{steel}} \) — Modulus of elasticity of steel (typically ~200 GPa)
• \( \text{Strain} \) — Resulting deformation (unitless)

Explanation: This linear relationship holds true in the elastic deformation region of steel.

3. Importance of Strain Calculation

Details: Calculating strain is essential for structural engineering, material selection, and ensuring designs remain within safe deformation limits.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter stress in Pascals and the modulus of elasticity for steel (default is 200 GPa). The calculator will determine the resulting strain.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the typical E value for steel?
A: Most steels have a modulus of elasticity between 190-210 GPa, with 200 GPa being a common average value.

Q2: Does this equation work for all stress levels?
A: No, this linear relationship only applies in the elastic region, below the yield strength of the steel.

Q3: How does strain relate to actual deformation?
A: Strain is the ratio of deformation to original length. Multiply by length to get total deformation.

Q4: Are there different E values for different steel types?
A: Yes, though most structural steels are similar. Stainless steels may have slightly different values.

Q5: What happens beyond the elastic limit?
A: Steel will begin to yield and deform plastically, requiring more complex calculations.