1. What is Pipe Velocity?

Pipe velocity is the speed at which fluid flows through a pipe. It's a critical parameter in pipe sizing and system design, affecting pressure drop, energy consumption, and potential for erosion or sedimentation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pipe velocity formula:

Where:

• \( Velocity \) — Fluid velocity (m/s)
• \( Flow \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( Diameter \) — Internal pipe diameter (m)
• \( \pi \) — Mathematical constant (~3.1416)

Explanation: The equation calculates velocity by dividing flow rate by the pipe's cross-sectional area.

3. Importance of Pipe Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity ensures efficient system operation. Too high velocity causes erosion and noise; too low velocity may allow sedimentation. Typical design velocities are 1-3 m/s for water systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter flow rate in m³/s and pipe diameter in meters. Both values must be positive numbers. For circular pipes, use actual internal diameter.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical pipe velocity for water systems?
A: For water, 0.9-2.4 m/s is common in supply lines, with 2.4-3 m/s maximum to prevent water hammer and erosion.

Q2: How does pipe material affect velocity?
A: Material affects maximum allowable velocity - softer materials (PVC) typically have lower max velocities than metals to prevent erosion.

Q3: Can I use this for non-circular pipes?
A: This calculator is for circular pipes. For non-circular conduits, use hydraulic diameter in place of pipe diameter.

Q4: Why is velocity important in pipe sizing?
A: Velocity affects pressure drop (energy costs) and system noise. Proper sizing balances initial cost with operating costs.

Q5: How does temperature affect velocity?
A: Temperature affects fluid viscosity and density, which may change flow characteristics, but the basic velocity calculation remains valid.