1. What is Pipe Velocity?

Pipe velocity is the speed at which fluid flows through a pipe. It's a crucial parameter in fluid dynamics and piping system design, affecting factors like pressure drop, energy requirements, and potential for erosion or sedimentation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pipe velocity formula:

Where:

• \( Flow \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( Diameter \) — Internal pipe diameter (m)
• \( \pi \) — Mathematical constant (~3.1416)

Explanation: The formula calculates velocity by dividing the flow rate by the pipe's cross-sectional area.

3. Importance of Pipe Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper velocity is essential for efficient system operation. Too low velocity may cause sedimentation, while too high velocity increases friction losses and may cause pipe erosion.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter flow rate in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and pipe diameter in meters (m). Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical pipe velocity range?
A: For water systems, 0.5-3 m/s is common. Lower for gravity systems, higher for pressurized systems.

Q2: How does pipe material affect velocity?
A: Material affects friction losses but not the velocity calculation itself. However, material limits maximum safe velocity.

Q3: Can I use this for gases?
A: Yes, but ensure flow rate is in m³/s at standard conditions and consider compressibility effects at high pressures.

Q4: What if my pipe isn't circular?
A: This calculator is for circular pipes. For other shapes, use the appropriate cross-sectional area formula.

Q5: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Temperature affects fluid viscosity and density, but the basic velocity calculation remains valid if flow rate is properly measured.