1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH equation:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The equation calculates the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH is critical in many chemical and biological processes. It affects enzyme activity, chemical reactions, and the behavior of many substances in solution.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be positive and greater than 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal pH range for water?
A: Pure water at 25°C has a pH of 7 (neutral). Drinking water typically ranges from 6.5 to 8.5.

Q2: How does pH relate to acidity?
A: Lower pH values indicate higher acidity (more H+ ions), while higher pH values indicate higher basicity (fewer H+ ions).

Q3: What is the pH of a 0.1 M HCl solution?
A: Approximately 1, since HCl is a strong acid that completely dissociates in water.

Q4: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids (negative pH) or bases (pH > 14), though these are rare in most applications.

Q5: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water changes with temperature (neutral pH is 7.47 at 0°C and 6.14 at 100°C), though the actual H+ concentration remains neutral.