1. What is PCB Trace Voltage Drop?

The voltage drop across a PCB trace is the potential difference that occurs when current flows through the trace's resistance. It's important to calculate this to ensure proper voltage reaches components.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the voltage drop equation:

Where:

• \( V_{drop} \) — Voltage drop (V)
• \( I \) — Current through the trace (A)
• \( R \) — Trace resistance (Ω)
• \( \rho \) — Resistivity of trace material (Ω·m)
• \( L \) — Length of the trace (m)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of the trace (m²)

Explanation: The equation calculates the resistance of the trace based on its material properties and dimensions, then multiplies by current to find voltage drop.

3. Importance of Voltage Drop Calculation

Details: Excessive voltage drop can lead to insufficient voltage at components, causing malfunction. It's critical for power distribution networks in PCBs.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter current in amps, resistivity in Ω·m (1.68×10⁻⁸ for copper), length in meters, and cross-sectional area in m². All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical acceptable voltage drop?
A: Generally less than 3-5% of supply voltage, but depends on application requirements.

Q2: How can I reduce voltage drop?
A: Use shorter traces, wider traces, thicker copper, or lower resistivity materials.

Q3: What's the resistivity of common PCB materials?
A: Copper: 1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, Gold: 2.44×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, Aluminum: 2.65×10⁻⁸ Ω·m.

Q4: How do I calculate cross-sectional area?
A: For rectangular traces: width × thickness (convert to meters).

Q5: Does frequency affect voltage drop?
A: At high frequencies, skin effect increases effective resistance.